Though some claim the proto-hip hop, jazzy poet Gil Scott-Heron the beginning of jazz rap, the genre arose in 1988 with the release of the debut singles by Gang Starr ("Words I Manifest", which samples Charlie Parker) and Stetsasonic ("Talkin' All That Jazz", which samples Lonnie Liston-Smith). One year later, Gang Starr's debut LP, No More Mr. Nice Guy and their work on the soundtrack to Mo' Better Blues, and De La Soul's debut 3 Feet High and Rising have proven remarkably influential in the genre's development. De La Soul's cohorts in the Native Tongues Posse also released important jazzy albums, including the Jungle Brothers' debut Straight Out the Jungle and A Tribe Called Quest's debut, People's Instinctive Travels and the Paths of Rhythm.
A Tribe Called Quest's follow-up, The Low End Theory (1991), included only a small amount of jazz, but the album was a critical success and is regarded as one of the most influential hip hop albums of the decade (it also included a stamp of approval from renowned jazz bassist Ron Carter, who played upright on one track). Though jazz rap had achieved little mainstream success, jazz legend Miles Davis' final album (released in 1992 posthumously), Doo Bop, was based around hip hop beats and collaborations with MC Easy Mo Bee. Davis' renowned ex-bandmate Herbie Hancock also returned to hip hop in the mid-nineties (after helping to kickstart the genre in the early 80s with his single Rockit), releasing the album Dis Is Da Drum. Another jazzman to dabble in hip hop beats was Branford Marsalis, who collaborated with Gang Starr's DJ Premier on his Buckshot LeFonque project. Concurrently, Digable Planets' Reachin' (A New Refutation of Time and Space) was released to critical acclaim; it is often considered the first cohesive album of jazz rap. The work of Freestyle Fellowship and Aceyalone is a particularly notable development in fusing jazz with hip hop, building on the existing jazz-rap style by including jazz elements such as unusual time signatures and scat-influenced vocals.
Later in the decade and into the next millennium, Guru's first Jazzmatazz project, featuring live jazz musicians in the studio, is perhaps the most critically acclaimed jazz rap album yet: through its three volumes it assembled jazz greats like Freddie Hubbard, Donald Byrd, Courtney Pine, Herbie Hancock, Kenny Garrett and Lonnie Liston Smith together with hip hop greats like Kool Keith, MC Solaar and Guru's Gangstarr colleague DJ Premier. The Roots, a live band that includes MC Black Thought, also achieved significant commercial success (though their jazz influence became less prominent as their career progressed), while English alto saxophone player and MC Soweto Kinch achieved notable critical success and moderate commercial success with his debut album Conversations With The Unseen in 2003.
Notable artists and albums
Aceyalone: All Balls Don't Bounce
Bop City: Hip Strut
Buckshot LeFonque: Music: Evolution, Buckshot LeFonque
Common: Resurrection
Crown City Rockers: Earthtones
Miles Davis: Doo Bop
Deda: The Original Baby Pa
Digable Planets: Reachin' : A New Refutation Of Time & Space, Blowout Comb
Dream Warriors: And Now, the Legacy Begins
Freestyle Fellowship: To Whom It May Concern..., Inner City Griots
Gang Starr: No More Mr. Nice Guy, Daily Operation
Guru: Jazzmatazz (Vols. 1-3)
Herbie Hancock: Dis Is Da Drum
InI: Center Of Attention
Jazzkantine: Jazzkantine
Jungle Brothers: Straight Out The Jungle, Done by the Forces of Nature
Justice System: Mobilization
Little Brother: The Listening
Soweto Kinch: Conversations With The Unseen
Nujabes: Metaphorical Music,Metaphorical Music Pt. 2: Modal Soul
O.C.: Word...Life
Greg Osby: 3-D Lifestyles
Ozomatli: Ozomatli
Pete Rock & C. L. Smooth: Mecca & The Soul Brother, The Main Ingredient, Petestrumentals
The Pharcyde: Bizarre Ride II the Pharcyde
Quasimoto: The Unseen
The Roots: Organix, Do You Want More, Illadelph Halflife
The Sound Providers: An Evening With The Sound Providers
Spearhead: Home
Stetsasonic: On Fire, In Full Gear
A Tribe Called Quest: People's Instinctive Travels and the Paths of Rhythm, Low End Theory, Midnight Marauders
US3: Hand On The Torch, Broadway & 52nd
External links
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